Compassion Fatigue Syndrome in Social Workers and Its relationship with Emotional Intelligence.

A study was conducted on how emotional intelligence and compassion fatigue (CF) interact in social workers. The hypothesis was that social workers with higher emotional intelligence were less likely to suffer/develop CF. A sample of 264 subjects was selected from among 2,014 active social workers in Seville (Spain). They were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire (α = .710), the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (α = .790), and the Compassion Fatigue Scale (α = .770). Authors carried out a reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha), a frequency study, contingency tables, a Pearson-type correlations analysis, a linear regression analysis, and analysis of variance-type significance tests (with values between p = .001 and p = .005). The social workers who participated in this study presented high emotional intelligence, yet high rates of CF were found. Specifically, the lower the social worker's manifest level of emotional intelligence, the greater the suffering of CF. Overall, social workers with higher emotional intelligence were less likely to suffer or develop CF.

Burnout, apoyo social, ansiedad y satisfacción laboral en profesionales del Trabajo Social / Burnout, social support, anxiety and job satisfaction among social work professionals

Resumen La presente investigación analiza la prevalencia de burnout y los factores de riesgo asociados a nivel demográfico, laboral, apoyo social percibido, ansiedad y satisfacción laboral en el colectivo de trabajadores/as sociales en España. Se partió de la hipótesis que suponía que un mayor apoyo social percibido disminuye el burnout; que una mayor ansiedad estaría vinculada a aumentar su presencia; y que una mayor satisfacción laboral estaría vinculada a una menor incidencia de burnout. La muestra de estudio estuvo compuesta por un total de 252 trabajadores/as sociales, de los que el 88.5 % (n = 223) eran mujeres, y el 11.5 % (n = 29) eran hombres, de los Colegios Profesionales de Trabajo Social de Sevilla y Murcia. Se recogió información sobre variables demográficas, laborales, apoyo social percibido (mediante el Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire), síntomas de ansiedad (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), satisfacción laboral (Overall Job Satisfaction) y burnout.Maslach Burnout Inventory). La investigación demostró que, en función de la prevalencia de burnout, un 46.8 % (n = 118) mostraba un alto cansancio emocional; un 56.7 % (n = 143), una elevada despersonalización; y un 62.3 % (n = 157), baja realización personal. Determinadas variables se asocian, de manera estadísticamente significativa, a las diferentes dimensiones de burnout, específicamente: mayor edad, antigüedad laboral, ansiedad, menor apoyo social percibido y satisfacción laboral. Los presentes resultados ponen de manifiesto el grado de insatisfacción entre los trabajadores/as sociales de España, lo cual hace un llamamiento a otros investigadores/as a analizar los factores de protección que pueden amortiguar la aparición y los efectos negativos del burnout, y a llevar a cabo estrategias de prevención destinadas a reducir esta problemática global.

Abstract Burnout, defined with its most agreed upon definition, given in 1982 by Christina Maslach (Maslach Burnout Inventory), is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job. Individuals suffering from burnout experience emotional exhaustion, depersonalization of clients, and reduced feelings of personal accomplishment. The well-documented day-to-day and long-term experiences of job stress and burnout among social services institutions increasingly raise concerns among leaders, policy makers and scholars. In this senses, previous research conducted internationally has shown a high prevalence of burnout among Social Workers collective. The burnout in Social Work is related to three types of factors: individual (seniority, gender, training and qualification, personality attributes, etc.), organizational (role stress, uncertainty, work overload, lack of human resources, etc.), and contextual. However, it is not frequent to find studies that analyze this occupational health problem in Spain. Current research explores the prevalence of burnout (using the Maslach Burnout Inventory) and associated risk factors like the demographic, occupational, perceived social support (Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) and job satisfaction levels (Overall Job Satisfaction) among social workers in Spain. Higher perceived social support decreases; higher anxiety is linked to higher burnout, and higher job satisfaction is linked to lower burnout incidence. Participants: the study's sample was composed of a total of 252 subjects, of which 88.5 % (n = 223) were women, and 11.5 % (n = 29) were men, all social workers from the Professional Associations of Social Work of Seville and Murcia, with an average age of 40.7 years. The information was collected online via the Google Questionnaire application at the end of 2017. The questionnaire was divided into four different blocks: demographic (including age, sex, marital status and number of children) and labor (seniority, employment sector and employment context ) variables; perceived social support (Duke-UNC functional social support questionnaire); Generalized Anxiety disorder scale (GAD 7); Overall Job Satisfaction questionnaire; and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), whose 22 questions measure emotional exhaustion, low depersonalization and personal fulfillment. Based on the prevalence of burnout, 46.8 % (n = 118) showed high emotional exhaustion, 56.7 % (n = 143) high depersonalization and 62.3 % (n = 157) low personal achievement. Likewise, after logistic regression analysis, it is observed how certain variables are statistically significantly associated with the different dimensions of burnout, specifically, emotional exhaustion was associated with older age (OR = 1.028; p = .038), work seniority (OR = 1.032; p = .038) and job satisfaction (OR = .978; p = .009). High depersonalization was positively associated with working in social services (OR = 1.726; p = .018), perceived social support (OR = .969; p = .026) and anxiety (OR = 1.213; p = .037). Finally, low personal achievement was statistically associated with perceived social support (OR = .969; p = .026) and anxiety (OR = 1.213; p = .037). Current results could be effective when carrying out prevention strategies aimed at reducing the problem of burnout among Social Work professionals in Spain. The socio-economic and political context of Spain characterized by austerity in recent years has negatively affected the public sector and social services through restrictions on access to rights, precarious working conditions for social workers, reduction of templates and work teams, elimination of public services and benefits, progressive privatization and reduction of budgets for social policies, increasing the workload of social workers in Spain. Current results show the degree of dissatisfaction among social workers in Spain, calling on other researchers to analyze the protective factors that can cushion the appearance and negative effects of burnout.

Fortalezas y debilidades de los sistemas de gestión de la calidad implantados en los centros de personas mayores en España / Pontos fortes e fracos dos sistemas de gestão da qualidade implementados nos centros para os idosos em Espanha / Strengths and weaknesses of the quality management systems implemented in nursing homes for the elderly in Spain

El presente artículo se basa en una investigación que ha tenido como objetivo analizar lascaracterísticas de los Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad implantados en los Centros de PersonasMayores en España. Su hipótesis principal ha sido que los Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidadimplantados en España no miden en su totalidad todos los aspectos relacionados con la atenciónde calidad. Para ello, se ha utilizado el instrumento CALCERIS001 (marca registrada M3706458)que, a través de un cuestionario de 24 variables (Alfa de Cronbach de .830), ha recogidoinformación del personal de Centros de Personas Mayores en el territorio español (N=359). Losresultados han puesto de manifiesto que la implantación de estos Sistemas de Gestión de laCalidad se ha traducido en una mejora de la calidad efectiva para estos centros y al mismo tiempose recoge que estos modelos se basan principalmente en aspectos médico-sanitarios y deorganización y gestión de los recursos humanos quedando en un segundo plano aspectos como las relaciones interpersonales y las necesidades educativas. Los autores de artículo abogarán porun sistema basado en un Modelo de Calidad Integrada, que abarque todas las dimensionesposibles.(AU)

This article is based on an investigation that has aimed to analyze the characteristics ofthe Quality Management Systems implemented in the Centers for the Elderly in Spain. Its mainhypothesis has been that the Quality Management Systems implemented in Spain do not fullymeasure all aspects related to quality care. To do this, the CALCERIS001 instrument (registeredtrademark M3706458) has been used which, through a questionnaire of 24 variables (Cronbach'sAlpha of .830), has collected information from the staff of Centers for the Elderly in Spanishterritory (N = 359). The results have shown that the implementation of these Quality ManagementSystems has resulted in an effective quality improvement for these centers and at the same timeit is stated that these models are mainly based on medical-health and organizational aspects andhuman resource management, with aspects such as interpersonal relationships and educationalneeds. The authors of the article will advocate for a system based on an Integrated Quality Model,which covers all possible dimensions.(AU)

Este artigo baseia-se numa investigação que tem como objectivo analisar ascaracterísticas dos Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade implementados nos Centros para Idosos emEspanha. A sua principal hipótese tem sido que os Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidadeimplementados em Espanha não medem completamente todos os aspectos relacionados com oscuidados de qualidade. Para este fim, foi utilizado o instrumento CALCERIS001 (marca registadaM3706458) que, através de um questionário de 24 variáveis (Cronbach's Alpha de .830), recolheuinformações do pessoal dos Centros para Idosos em Espanha (N=359). Os resultadosdemonstraram que a implementação destes Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade resultou numamelhoria efectiva da qualidade destes centros e, ao mesmo tempo, mostra-se que estes modelosse baseiam principalmente em aspectos médicos-saúde e organização e gestão de recursoshumanos, deixando em segundo plano aspectos como as relações interpessoais e necessidadeseducativas. Os autores do artigo defendem um sistema baseado num Modelo Integrado deQualidade, que cobre todas as dimensões possíveis.(AU)

[COVID-19 and elderly people in nursing homes: Impact according to the modality of residence]. / COVID-19 y personas mayores en residencias: impacto según el tipo de residencia.

PURPOSE: To find out whether elements such as public expenditure, the coverage ratio, public or private ownership, and the size of Nursing homes relate to the number of deaths in residences per COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 15 variables are analyzed in 17 Autonomous Communities (n = 17), where the following stand out: public expenditure per dependent person; incidence of COVID-19 in each Autonomous Community; deaths in Nursing homes by COVID-19; and analysis of places in Nursing homes. Reliability of r = 0.613. Regression analyses are carried out with the different variables, and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: Percentages of deaths by COVID-19 in Nursing homes, between 40% and 88%, of the total of (p < 0.001, X2 = 0.975). A relationship is established between the number of deaths from COVID-19 in Nursing homes, and the higher number of private Nursing homes (p < 0.001, X2 = 0.633). The larger the size of the Nursing home, the more deaths by COVID-19 were recorded (p < 0.001, X2 = 0.787), with private Nursing homes having +100 places, and public Nursing homes having +100 places (p < 0.001, X2 = 0.808). CONCLUSIONS: It was found that there is a relationship between the number of deaths from COVID-19 in Nursing homes, and the fact that there are a greater number of private Nursing homes in that autonomous community. It was detected that the model of Nursing home best prepared to face the COVID-19: public Nursing homes with less than 25 places.

The rise of online sports betting, its fallout, and the onset of a new profile in gambling disorder: young people.

HYPOTHESIS: Since 2015 the gambling trend may have changed among young people between 18 and 30 years old. METHODOLOGY: Range of document review techniques obtained by therapeutic data regarding the personal development of each person in rehabilitation to analyze 13 different variables. FINDINGS: Due to the new regulations legalizing online gambling in Spain, and the constant increase in its advertising, a shift could have taken place in the gamblers' profile: a preference for online sports betting and placing other bets using devices connected to the Internet, such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and similar technologies. Gamblers who use online media to place their bets also incur debts over the Internet. We find a possible proliferation of online betting services, that could imply an increase of social, psychological, and family relationship problems affecting young gamblers, which may constitute a new profile of gambling disorder.

[COVID-19, neoliberalism and health systems in 30 european countries: relationship to deceases.] / COVID-19, neoliberalismo y sistemas sanitarios en 30 países de Europa: repercusiones en el número de fallecidos.

OBJECTIVE: The study was motivated by the need to understand the high number of deaths caused by COVID-19 in the global pandemic declared since December 2019, and how it impacted differently in European countries. The hypothesis was that less investment in the public health system, the number of doctors per inhabitant and the number of hospital beds available to the population led to a higher number of deaths after the arrival of COVID-19 in each country studied. The objective was to analyze the relationship between the number of deaths from COVID-19 in the global pandemic declared since December 2019 and health policies and investment in European countries. METHODS: A research study was conducted in which a total of six variables were analyzed with official and contrasted data: public health expenditure per capita; doctors per 1,000 inhabitants; number of beds per 1,000 people; deaths from COVID-19 per million inhabitants; number of tests to detect COVID-19 per 1,000 inhabitants; and GINI Coefficient to measure the degree of social inequality in each country. It was carried out in 30 European countries. Frequency and correlation analyses were carried out (Pearson). RESULTS: Five countries were found, which gave values above 300 deaths per million (data from April 27, 2020): United Kingdom; (305.39), France (350.16), Italy (440.67), Spain (495.99) and Belgium (612.1). Precisely, in the countries that recorded the most deaths (United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain and Belgium) on April 27, we did not find high values of TEST performance. In our analysis, we found that the lower the investment of public spending in health (per capita), the higher the number of deaths per COVID-19 per million inhabitants, the lower the coverage of hospital beds, and the lower the number of doctors. Finally, we found that the lower the expenditure on public health, the higher the GINI coefficient (thus greater social inequality). CONCLUSIONS: A negative effect in terms of deaths was detected when investment in public health was lower; the higher number of deaths from COVID-19 was correlated (p<0.005) with greater social inequality (GINI coefficient) and with lower investment in public health (p<0.001); this had an impact on the lower number of available beds and low physician coverage per 1,000 inhabitants.

OBJETIVO: El estudio se fundamentó en la necesidad de entender el elevado número de fallecimientos por COVID-19 en la pandemia mundial declarada desde Diciembre de 2019, y cómo golpeó de forma distinta en los países de Europa. La hipótesis planteada fue que una menor inversión en el sistema de sanidad pública, el número de médicos por habitante y el número de camas hospitalarias disponibles para la población provocaron un mayor número de fallecidos tras la llegada de la COVID-19 a cada país estudiado. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre el número de fallecimientos por COVID-19 en la pandemia mundial declarada desde diciembre de 2019 y las políticas e inversión sanitarias en los países de Europa. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio de investigación en el que se analizaron un total de seis variables con datos oficiales y contrastados: gasto público en salud per cápita; médicos por cada 1.000 habitantes; número de camas por cada 1.000 personas; muertes por COVID-19 por cada millón de habitantes; número de test para detectar COVID-19 por cada 1.000 habitantes; y Coeficiente GINI para medir el grado de desigualdad social en cada país. Se llevó a cabo en 30 países europeos. Se realizaron análisis de frecuencias y correlaciones (Pearson). RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 5 países, que fueron los que dieron valores por encima de 300 fallecidos por millón (datos de 27 de abril de 2020): Reino Unido; (305,39), Francia (350,16), Italia (440,67), España (495,99) y Bélgica (612,1). Precisamente, en los países que más muertes registraron (Reino Unido, Francia, Italia, España y Bélgica) a fecha de 27 de abril, no encontramos valores elevados de realización de TEST. En nuestros análisis, obtuvimos que a menos inversión de gasto público en salud (per cápita), se daba un mayor número de muertes por COVID-19 por cada millón de habitantes, una menor cobertura en camas hospitalarias, y un menor número de doctores. Finalmente, comprobamos que a menor fue el gasto en salud pública, más alto era el coeficiente GINI (por tanto mayor desigualdad social). CONCLUSIONES: Se detecta un efecto negativo en término de muertes cuando la inversión en salud pública es menor. El mayor número de muertes por COVID-19 está correlacionado (p<0,005) con una mayor desigualdad social (coeficiente GINI) y con una menor inversión en salud pública (p<0,001). Esto ha incidido en el menor número de camas disponibles y una baja cobertura de médicos por cada 1.000 habitantes.

COVID-19, neoliberalismo y sistemas sanitarios en 30 países de Europa: repercusiones en el número de fallecidos / COVID-19, neoliberalism and health systems in 30 European countries: relationship to deceases

OBJETIVO: El estudio se fundamentó en la necesidad de entender el elevado número de fallecimientos por COVID-19 en la pandemia mundial declarada desde Diciembre de 2019, y cómo golpeó de forma distinta en los países de Europa. La hipótesis planteada fue que una menor inversión en el sistema de sanidad pública, el número de médicos por habitante y el número de camas hospitalarias disponibles para la población provocaron un mayor número de fallecidos tras la llegada de la COVID-19 a cada país estudiado. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre el número de fallecimientos por COVID-19 en la pandemia mundial declarada desde diciembre de 2019 y las políticas e inversión sanitarias en los países de Europa. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de investigación en el que se analizaron un total de seis variables con datos oficiales y contrastados: gasto público en salud per cápita; médicos por cada 1.000 habitantes; número de camas por cada 1.000 personas; muertes por COVID-19 por cada millón de habitantes; número de test para detectar COVID-19 por cada 1.000 habitantes; y Coeficiente GINI para medir el grado de desigualdad social en cada país. Se llevó a cabo en 30 países europeos. Se realizaron análisis de frecuencias y correlaciones (Pearson). RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 5 países, que fueron los que dieron valores por encima de 300 fallecidos por millón (datos de 27 de abril de 2020): Reino Unido; (305,39), Francia (350,16), Italia (440,67), España (495,99) y Bélgica (612,1). Precisamente, en los países que más muertes registraron (Reino Unido, Francia, Italia, España y Bélgica) a fecha de 27 de abril, no encontramos valores elevados de realización de TEST. En nuestros análisis, obtuvimos que a menos inversión de gasto público en salud (per cápita), se daba un mayor número de muertes por COVID-19 por cada millón de habitantes, una menor cobertura en camas hospitalarias, y un menor número de doctores. Finalmente, comprobamos que a menor fue el gasto en salud pública, más alto era el coeficiente GINI (por tanto mayor desigualdad social). CONCLUSIONES: Se detecta un efecto negativo en término de muertes cuando la inversión en salud pública es menor. El mayor número de muertes por COVID-19 está correlacionado (p < 0,005) con una mayor desigualdad social (coeficiente GINI) y con una menor inversión en salud pública (p < 0,001). Esto ha incidido en el menor número de camas disponibles y una baja cobertura de médicos por cada 1.000 habitantes

OBJECTIVE: The study was motivated by the need to understand the high number of deaths caused by COVID-19 in the global pandemic declared since December 2019, and how it impacted differently in European countries. The hypothesis was that less investment in the public health system, the number of doctors per inhabitant and the number of hospital beds available to the population led to a higher number of deaths after the arrival of COVID-19 in each country studied. The objective was to analyze the relationship between the number of deaths from COVID-19 in the global pandemic declared since December 2019 and health policies and investment in European countries. METHODS: A research study was conducted in which a total of six variables were analyzed with official and contrasted data: public health expenditure per capita; doctors per 1,000 inhabitants; number of beds per 1,000 people; deaths from COVID-19 per million inhabitants; number of tests to detect COVID-19 per 1,000 inhabitants; and GINI Coefficient to measure the degree of social inequality in each country. It was carried out in 30 European countries. Frequency and correlation analyses were carried out (Pearson). RESULTS: Five countries were found, which gave values above 300 deaths per million (data from April 27, 2020): United Kingdom; (305.39), France (350.16), Italy (440.67), Spain (495.99) and Belgium (612.1). Precisely, in the countries that recorded the most deaths (United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain and Belgium) on April 27, we did not find high values of TEST performance. In our analysis, we found that the lower the investment of public spending in health (per capita), the higher the number of deaths per COVID-19 per million inhabitants, the lower the coverage of hospital beds, and the lower the number of doctors. Finally, we found that the lower the expenditure on public health, the higher the GINI coefficient (thus greater social inequality). CONCLUSIONS: A negative effect in terms of deaths was detected when investment in public health was lower; the higher number of deaths from COVID-19 was correlated (p < 0.005) with greater social inequality (GINI coefficient) and with lower investment in public health (p < 0.001); this had an impact on the lower number of available beds and low physician coverage per 1,000 inhabitants

Actividad física, autoestima y situación social en las personas mayores / Physical activity, self-esteem and social situation of the elderly

Este artículo recoge parte del estudio de investigación realizado en el Sur de España sobre la vinculación que la realización de actividad físico-deportiva continuada tenía sobre la capacidad funcional de personas mayores (no institucionalizadas), su perfil psicosocial, su autoestima, y su situación social. El estudio que se realizó de manera conjunta entre el Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte (Universidad de Sevilla), el Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC), CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, y grupo de Investigación en Trabajo Social y Político Social (PAIDI Sej-452), ya ha publicado datos parciales de la investigación. A partir de una metodología experimental se analizan un grupo (8 sujetos) que realizan actividad física, y otro grupo control (8 sujetos) con perfiles sedentarios. Utilizando diferentes escalas, incluyendo VATAD y Rosenberg, se establece que: En primer lugar, la actividad física en los ancianos se correlaciona con mayores niveles de autoestima. En segundo lugar, la actividad física en los ancianos se correlaciona con una mejor situación social. Y en tercer lugar, la actividad física en los ancianos se correlaciona con un perfil de «ancianidad saludable». Los datos también nos muestran una mejor sociabilidad y relación con el medio ambiente, más actividades de participación comunitaria, más actividades con amigos y más actividades al aire libre (AU)

This presentation examines some of the research carried out in southern Spain into the relationship between ongoing physical-sporting activity and the functional capacity of (non-institutionalised) elderly people, and their psycho-social profile, self-esteem and social situation. This was a joint study involving the Physical Education and Sports Department of the University of Seville, the Andalusia Centre for Development Biology at the Pablo de Olavide University-CSIC, CIBERER, the Carlos III Health Institute, and the Social Work and Social Policy Research Group (PAIDI Sej-452). Some of the data from the research has already been published. An experimental methodology was used to analyse a group of 8 physically-active subjects and a control group of 8 subjects with sedentary lifestyles. Using different scales, including VATAD and the Rosenberg scale, it is established that: Firstly, physical activity in the elderly correlates with higher levels of self-esteem. Secondly, physical activity in the elderly correlates with a better social situation. And thirdly, physical activity in the elderly correlates with a ‘Healthy Old Age’ profile. The data also show us a better sociability and relationship with the environment, more community participation activities, more activities with friends, and more activities outside (AU)